CountryFocus: Healthcare, Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape - UK

Home/CountryFocus: Healthcare, Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape - UK

CountryFocus: Healthcare, Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape - UK

Regulation & Policy (Pharma & Healthcare), Finance & Investment (Pharma & Healthcare), Deals & Alliances (Pharma & Healthcare), Country Overview (Pharma & Healthcare), Pharma & Healthcare

Publication ID:

GDA0316674

Publication Date:

March 01, 2016

Pages:

253

Publisher:

GlobalData

Region:

United Kingdom

$1,995.00

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Description

CountryFocus: Healthcare, Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape - UK

Summary

GlobalData, the industry analysis specialist, has released its new report, “CountryFocus: Healthcare, Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape - UK”. The report is an essential source of information and an analysis on the healthcare, regulatory and reimbursement landscape of the UK. The report identifies the key trends in the healthcare market and provides insights on the demographic, regulatory, reimbursement landscape and healthcare infrastructure of the UK. Most importantly, the report provides valuable insights on the trends and segmentation of the pharmaceutical and medical devices market. This report is built using data and information sourced from proprietary databases, secondary research and in-house analysis by GlobalData’s team of industry experts.

In 2014, the UK`s population was approximately 64.2 million. The major factors contributing to the growth in the population are increase in net migration and decrease in death rate. The UK policymakers are now presented with the problems of a Eurozone crisis, a declining population of the working age group and an increasing elderly population. The pharmaceutical market in the UK was estimated at $28.8 billion in 2015 and is expected to reach approximately $43.2 billion by 2020 with a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.4%. The medical devices market size was approximately $14.4 billion in 2015 and is expected to reach approximately $17.9 billion by 2020 with a projected CAGR of 4.5%.

The positive trends in the UK healthcare market can be attributed primarily to -
- Increasing elderly population
- Universal healthcare insurance
- High degree of access to healthcare facilities

Scope

The report provides information on the healthcare, regulatory and reimbursement landscape of the UK. The scope includes -
- Overview of the pharmaceutical and medical devices market of the UK including the market size, market segmentation, key drivers and barriers.
- Profile and SWOT analysis of the major players in the pharmaceutical and medical devices market. The key players covered for the pharmaceutical market are Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Roche and Merck. The key players covered for the medical devices market are Essilor International, GlaxoSmithKline, DePuy Companies, Johnson & Johnson and B.Braun.
- Insightful review on the reimbursement and regulatory landscape. Analysis includes details of the healthcare reimbursement process, the regulatory agencies and the approval processes for new drugs and medical devices.
- A detailed analysis of the political and economic environment of the UK including the economic indicators, demographics, healthcare infrastructure and healthcare expenditure.
- An overview of the opportunities and challenges for growth that exist in the healthcare market of the UK.

Reasons to buy

The report on the UK comprehensively covers both the pharmaceutical and the medical devices markets of the UK. The report will enhance your decision making capability. It will allow you to -
- Develop business strategies by understanding the trends shaping and driving the healthcare market of the UK.
- Drive revenue by understanding the key trends, and reimbursement and regulatory policies, pharmaceutical and medical devices market segments and companies likely to impact the the UK healthcare market in the future.
- Formulate effective sales and marketing strategies by understanding the competitive landscape and by analyzing the performance of the various competitors.
- Organize your sales and marketing efforts by identifying the market categories and segments that present the maximum opportunities for consolidations, investments and strategic partnerships.
- Identify, understand and capitalize on the opportunities and challenges in the healthcare market of the UK.

Table of Contents

1 Table of Contents
1 Table of Contents 6
1.1 List of Tables 9
1.2 List of Figures 13
2 Introduction 18
2.1 GlobalData Report Guidance 18
3 Overview of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Markets 19
3.1 Pharmaceutical Market 19
3.1.1 Market Overview 19
3.1.2 Pharmaceutical Exports and Imports 21
3.1.3 Supply Channels 22
3.1.4 Market Segments 24
3.1.5 Major Therapeutic Areas 26
3.1.6 Major Companies 32
3.2 Medical Device Market 76
3.2.1 Market Overview 76
3.2.2 Overview of Top Five Segments 78
3.2.3 Diagnostic market 89
3.2.4 Major Players 92
3.3 Market Drivers and Barriers 122
3.3.1 Drivers 122
3.3.2 Barriers 123
4 Market Access 125
4.1 Reimbursement and Payer Landscape 125
4.1.1 Overview of Healthcare System 125
4.1.2 Reimbursement Process 129
4.1.3 Overview of Insurance Providers 131
4.1.4 Patient Share in Healthcare Spending 133
4.1.5 Drug Price Change 134
4.1.6 Pricing Policies 135
4.2 Regulatory Landscape 136
4.2.1 Overview of Regulatory Agencies 136
4.2.2 Market Authorization Procedure for Pharmaceutical Products 138
4.2.3 New Medical Device Approval Process 149
4.2.4 Licensing Process for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing 156
4.2.5 Intellectual Property Rights 157
4.2.6 Clinical Trial Regulations 159
4.2.7 Pharmaceutical Advertising Regulations 162
4.2.8 Pharmacy Regulations 163
4.2.9 Labeling and Packaging Regulations 164
5 Country Analysis 166
5.1 Political Environment 166
5.1.1 Political Structure 166
5.1.2 Analysis of the Current Political Environment 167
5.1.3 Healthcare Policy Initiatives 169
5.2 Economic Landscape 170
5.3 Economic Indicators 171
5.3.1 Gross Domestic Product 171
5.3.2 Gross National Income 175
5.3.3 Inflation 176
5.3.4 Currency Exchange Rate 179
5.3.5 Foreign Direct Investment 181
5.3.6 Foreign Exchange Reserves 182
5.3.7 Trade Balance 183
5.3.8 Government Structural Balance 185
5.3.9 General Government Gross Debt 186
5.3.10 External Debt 188
5.3.11 Major Industries 189
5.4 Demographics 190
5.4.1 Population 190
5.4.2 Education and Literacy 206
5.4.3 Employment 208
5.4.4 Disease Burden 209
5.5 Healthcare Infrastructure 211
5.5.1 Healthcare Facilities 211
5.5.2 Healthcare Parameters 213
5.5.3 Environmental Health 215
5.5.4 Healthcare Personnel 220
5.6 Healthcare Expenditure 223
5.6.1 Overview 223
5.6.2 Components of Healthcare Spending 224
5.6.3 Public and Private Sector Share 226
5.6.4 Spending in Pharmaceutical R&D 227
5.7 Trade Associations 229
5.7.1 Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) 229
5.7.2 British In Vitro Diagnostics Association (BIVDA) 229
5.7.3 National Pharmacy Association (NPA) 229
5.7.4 Association of British Healthcare Industries (ABHI) 230
5.7.5 British Generic Manufacturers Association (BGMA) 230
5.8 Trade Fairs 230
6 Opportunities and Challenges 232
6.1 Opportunities 232
6.2 Challenges 233
7 Appendix 235
7.1 Abbreviations 235
7.2 Bibliography 239
7.3 Research Methodology 250
7.3.1 Coverage 250
7.3.2 Secondary Research 250
7.3.3 Forecasts 251
7.3.4 Expert Panel 251
7.4 Disclaimer 252

1.1 List of Tables
Table 1: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 20
Table 2: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 21
Table 3: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, Revenue by Exports and Imports ($bn), 2008-2015 22
Table 4: Major Therapeutic Areas, UK, Prescribing cost ($bn) , 2015 26
Table 5: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Neurological Issues ($bn), 2008-2015 27
Table 6: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Endocrine System Issues ($bn), 2008-2015 28
Table 7: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Respiratory System Problems ($bn), 2008-2015 29
Table 8: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Cardiovascular System Problems ($bn), 2008-2015 30
Table 9: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Nutrition and Blood Problems ($bn), 2008-2015 31
Table 10: Pharmaceutical Market, Pfizer, Global, Major Products by Revenue ($bn) and Annual Growth (%), Revenue, 2014 33
Table 11: Pharmaceutical Market, Pfizer, Global, Late-Stage Pipeline, 2015 34
Table 12: Pharmaceutical Market, GlaxoSmithKline, Global, Major Products, Revenue ($bn) and Annual Growth (%), 2014 42
Table 13: Pharmaceutical Market, GlaxoSmithKline, Global, Late-Stage Pipeline, 2015 43
Table 14: Pharmaceutical Market, Novartis, Global, Major Products, Revenue ($bn) and Annual Growth (%), 2013 50
Table 15: Pharmaceutical Market, Novartis, Global, Planned Filings, 2016-2019 51
Table 16: Pharmaceutical Market, Roche, Global, Major Products, Revenue ($m) and Annual Growth (%), 2013 60
Table 17: Pharmaceutical Market, Roche, Global, Late-stage Pipeline, 2013 61
Table 18: Pharmaceutical Market, Merck, Global, Major Products, Revenue ($bn) and Annual Growth (%), 2013 69
Table 19: Pharmaceutical Market, Merck, Global, Late-Stage Pipeline, 2014 70
Table 20: Medical Device Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 77
Table 21: Medical Device Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 78
Table 22: Medical Device Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2014 79
Table 23: Medical Device Market, UK, Orthopedic Devices Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 80
Table 24: Medical Device Market, UK, Orthopedic Devices Market, Market Share (%), 2014 81
Table 25: Medical Device Market, UK, Ophthalmic Devices, Market Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 82
Table 26: Medical Device Market, UK, Ophthalmic Devices, Market Share (%), 2014 83
Table 27: Medical Device Market, UK, Wound Care Management Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 84
Table 28: Medical Device Market, UK, Wound Care Management, Market Share (%), 2012 85
Table 29: Medical Device Market, UK, Cardiovascular Device Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 86
Table 30: Medical Device Market, UK, Cardiovascular Device Market, Market Share, 2012 87
Table 31: Medical Device Market, UK, In-vitro Diagnostic Devices Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 88
Table 32: Medical Device Market, UK, In-vitro Diagnostic Devices Market, Share (%), 2012 89
Table 33: Medical Device Market, UK, Diagnostic Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 90
Table 34: Medical Device Market, UK, Diagnostic Market, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 91
Table 35: Medical Device Market, GlaxoSmithKline, Global, Major Products, Revenue ($bn) and Annual Growth (%), 2014 109
Table 36: Healthcare Spending, UK, Out-of-pocket Expenditure (% of Private Expenditure on Health), 2008-2015 134
Table 37: Market Access, UK, Drug Price Change (%), 2008-2015 135
Table 38: Market Access, UK, Schedule of Patent Fees, 2015 158
Table 39: Market Access, UK, Schedule of Trademark Fees, 2015 159
Table 40: Market Access, UK, Clinical Trials Application Fees, 2015 160
Table 41: Market Access, UK, Clinical trials application fees, 2015 162
Table 42: Economic Indicators, UK, GDP per Capita ($), 2008-2015 172
Table 43: Economic Indicators, UK, GDP per Capita ($), 2016-2020 173
Table 44: Economic Indicators, UK, GDP Annual Growth (%), 2008-2015 174
Table 45: Economic Indicators, UK, GDP Annual Growth (%), 2016-2020 175
Table 46: Economic Indicators, UK, National Income ($ tn), 2008-2014 176
Table 47: Economic Indicators, UK, Average Consumer Price Index, 2008-2015 177
Table 48: Economic Indicators, UK Average Consumer Price Index, 2016-2020 178
Table 49: Economic Indicators, UK, Average Consumer Price Annual Change (%), 2008-2014 179
Table 50: Economic Indicators, UK, Currency Exchange Rate (£ to $), 2008-2014 180
Table 51: Economic Indicators, UK, FDI ($bn), 2008-2014 181
Table 52: Economic Indicators, UK, Foreign Exchange Reserves ($bn), 2008-2014 182
Table 53: Economic Indicators, UK, Imports of Goods and Services ($bn), 2008-2014 183
Table 54: Economic Indicators, UK, Exports of Goods and Services ($bn), 2008-2014 184
Table 55: Economic Indicators, UK, Government Structural Balance ($bn), 2008-2014 185
Table 56: Economic Indicators, UK, General Government Gross Debt (% of GDP), 2008-2015 186
Table 57: Economic Indicators, UK, General Government Gross Debt (% of GDP), 2016-2020 187
Table 58: Economic Indicators, UK, External Debt ($tr), 2008-2014 188
Table 59: Economic Indicators, UK, Major Industries, National Income by Industry ($bn), 2013 190
Table 60: Demographics, UK, Population (million), 2008-2014 191
Table 61: Demographics, UK, Population Forecast (million), 2016-2020 192
Table 62: Demographics, UK, Urban and Rural Population (%), 2008-2014 193
Table 63: Demographics, UK, Population Distribution by Age Group (%), 2008-2015 194
Table 64: Demographics, UK, Population Distribution by Age Group (%), 2016-2020 195
Table 65: Demographics, UK, Births (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 196
Table 66: Demographics, UK, Mortality (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 197
Table 67: Demographics, UK, Major Causes of Mortality (%), 2014 199
Table 68: Demographics, UK, Infant Mortality (per 1,000 Live Births), 2008-2014 200
Table 69: Demographics, UK, Immunization Rate (%), 2013 201
Table 70: Demographics, UK, Major Causes of Male Mortality (‘000), 2014 202
Table 71: Demographics, UK, Major Causes of Female Mortality (‘000), 2014 203
Table 72: Demographics, UK, Gender Ratio (M/F), 2008-2014 204
Table 73: Demographics, UK, Life Expectancy at Birth (Years), 2008-2014 205
Table 74: Demographics, UK, Gross Enrollment (%), 2008-2015 207
Table 75: Demographics, UK, Unemployment Rate (%), 2008-2014 208
Table 76: Demographics, UK, Disease Burden, DALYs (per 100,000 population), 2013 210
Table 77: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Beds by Type of Service, 2008-2014 211
Table 78: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Diagnostic Equipment (Per Million Population), 2008-2014 212
Table 79: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Hospital Beds (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 214
Table 80: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Doctors (per 1,000 population), 2008-2014 215
Table 81: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, CO2 emissions (million), 2008-2014 217
Table 82: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, CH4 emissions (million tons), 2008-2014 218
Table 83: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, PM10 (µg/m3), 2008-2014 219
Table 84: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Nurses (Per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 220
Table 85: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Pharmacists (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 221
Table 86: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Dentists (Per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 222
Table 87: Healthcare Expenditure, UK, Healthcare Expenditure (% of GDP), 2008-2014 224
Table 88: Healthcare Expenditure , UK, Consumption Expenditure on Medical Goods and Services, Share (%), 2013 226
Table 89: Healthcare Expenditure, UK, Public and Private Share of Healthcare Expenditure (%), 2008-2014 227
Table 90: Healthcare Expenditure, UK, Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditure ($bn), 2008-2014 229
Table 91: Major Healthcare Trade Fairs, UK, 2016 231

1.2 List of Figures
Figure 1: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 20
Figure 2: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 21
Figure 3: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, Revenue by Exports and Imports ($bn), 2008-2015 22
Figure 4: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, Supply Channels, 2014 23
Figure 5: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, Generic Launch, 2013 24
Figure 6: Major Therapeutic Areas, UK, Prescribing Cost ($bn), 2015 26
Figure 7: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Neurological Issues ($bn), 2008-2015 27
Figure 8: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Endocrine System Issues ($bn), 2008-2015 28
Figure 9: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Respiratory System Issues ($bn), 2008-2015 29
Figure 10: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Cardiovascular System Issues ($bn), 2008-2015 30
Figure 11: Pharmaceutical Market, UK, NHS Gross Expenditure on Nutrition and Blood Issues ($bn), 2008-2015 31
Figure 12: Medical Device Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 77
Figure 13: Medical Device Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 78
Figure 14: Medical Device Market, UK, Revenue ($bn), 2014 79
Figure 15: Medical Device Market, UK, Orthopedic Devices Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 80
Figure 16: Medical Device Market, UK, Orthopedic Devices Market, Market Share (%), 2014 81
Figure 17: Medical Device Market, UK, Ophthalmic Devices, Market Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 82
Figure 18: Medical Device Market, UK, Ophthalmic Devices Market Share (%), 2012 83
Figure 19: Medical Device Market, UK, Wound Care Management Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 84
Figure 20: Medical Device Market, UK, Wound Care Management, Market Share (%), 2012 85
Figure 21: Medical Device Market, UK, Cardiovascular Device Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 86
Figure 22: Medical Device Market, UK, Cardiovascular Device Market, Share (%), 2012 87
Figure 23: Medical Device Market, UK, In-vitro Diagnostic Devices Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 88
Figure 24: Medical Device Market, UK, In-vitro Diagnostic Devices Market, Share (%), 2012 89
Figure 25: Medical Device Market, UK, Diagnostic Market, Revenue ($bn), 2008-2015 90
Figure 26: Medical Device Market, UK, Diagnostic Market, Revenue ($bn), 2016-2020 91
Figure 27: Healthcare Market, UK, Drivers and Barriers, 2015 124
Figure 28: Healthcare System, UK, 2015 126
Figure 29: Healthcare Spending, UK, Out-of-pocket Expenditure (% of Private Expenditure on Health), 2008-2015 134
Figure 30: Market Access, UK, Drug Price Change (%), 2008-2015 135
Figure 31 Healthcare System, UK, MHRA Structure, 2015 137
Figure 32: Healthcare System, UK, National Procedure for Market Authorization, 2015 139
Figure 33: Healthcare System, EU, Centralized Procedure, Pre-Submission, 2015 140
Figure 34: Healthcare System, EU, Centralized Procedure, Marketing Authorization, Pre-Opinion Phase, 2015 142
Figure 35: Healthcare System, EU, Centralized Procedure, Marketing Authorization, Post-opinion Phase, 2015 144
Figure 36: Healthcare System, EU, Decentralized Procedure, 2015 146
Figure 37: Healthcare System, EU, Mutual Recognition Procedure, 2015 148
Figure 38: Healthcare System, EU, Conformity Assessment of Class I Medical Devices, 2013 153
Figure 39: Healthcare System, EU, Conformity Assessment of Class IIa Medical Devices, 2013 154
Figure 40: Healthcare System, EU, Conformity Assessment of Class IIb Medical Devices, 2013 155
Figure 41: Healthcare System, EU, Conformity Assessment of Class III Medical Devices, 2013 156
Figure 42: Healthcare System, UK, Patent Approval Process, 2015 158
Figure 43: Healthcare System, UK, Clinical Trial Regulation Process for Medicines, 2015 160
Figure 44: Healthcare System, UK, Clinical Trial Regulation Process for Medical Devices, 2013 161
Figure 45: Economic Indicators, UK, GDP per Capita ($), 2008-2015 172
Figure 46: Economic Indicators, UK, GDP per Capita ($), 2016-2020 173
Figure 47: Economic Indicators, UK, GDP Annual Growth (%), 2008-2015 174
Figure 48: Economic Indicators, UK, GDP Annual Growth (%), 2016-2020 175
Figure 49: Economic Indicators, UK, National Income ($tn), 2008-2014 176
Figure 50: Economic Indicators, UK, Average Consumer Price Index, 2008-2015 177
Figure 51: Economic Indicators, UK, Average Consumer Price Index, 2016-2020 178
Figure 52: Economic Indicators, UK, Average Consumer Price Annual Change (%), 2008-2014 179
Figure 53: Economic Indicators, UK, Currency Exchange Rate ($ to £), 2008-2014 180
Figure 54: Economic Indicators, UK, FDI ($bn), 2008-2014 181
Figure 55: Economic Indicators, UK, Foreign Exchange Reserves ($bn), 2008-2014 182
Figure 56: Economic Indicators, UK, Imports of Goods and Services ($bn), 2008-2014 183
Figure 57: Economic Indicators, UK, Exports of Goods and Services ($bn), 2008-2014 184
Figure 58: Economic Indicators, UK, Government Structural Balance ($bn), 2008-2014 185
Figure 59: Economic Indicators, UK, General Government Gross Debt (% of GDP), 2008-2015 186
Figure 60: Economic Indicators, UK, General Government Gross Debt (% of GDP), 2016-2020 187
Figure 61: Economic Indicators, UK, External Debt ($tn), 2008-2014 188
Figure 62: Economic Indicators, UK, Major Industries, Gross Value Added ($bn), 2013 189
Figure 63: Demographics, UK, Population (million), 2008-2015 191
Figure 64: Demographics, UK, Population (million), 2016-2020 192
Figure 65: Demographics, UK, Urban and Rural Population (%), 2008-2014 193
Figure 66: Demographics, UK, Population Distribution by Age Group (%), 2008-2015 194
Figure 67: Demographics, UK, Population Distribution by Age Group (%), 2016-2020 195
Figure 68: Demographics, UK, Births (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 196
Figure 69: Demographics, UK, Mortality (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 197
Figure 70: Demographics, UK, Major Causes of Mortality (%), 2014 198
Figure 71: Demographics, UK, Infant Mortality (per 1,000 Live Births), 2008-2014 200
Figure 72: Demographics, UK, Immunization Rate (%), 2013 201
Figure 73: Demographics, UK, Major Causes of Male Mortality (‘000), 2014 202
Figure 74: Demographics, UK, Major Causes of Female Mortality (‘000), 2014 203
Figure 75: Demographics, UK, Gender Ratio (M/F), 2008-2014 204
Figure 76: Demographics, UK, Life Expectancy at Birth (Years), 2008-2014 205
Figure 77: Demographics, UK, Gross Enrollment (%), 2008-2015 207
Figure 78: Demographics, UK, Unemployment Rate (%), 2008-2014 208
Figure 79: Demographics, UK Disease Burden, DALYs (per 100,000 population), 2013 210
Figure 80: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Beds by Type of Service, 2008-2014 211
Figure 81: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Diagnostic Equipment (Per Million Population), 2008-2014 212
Figure 82: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Hospital Beds (Per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 213
Figure 83: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Doctors (per 1,000 population), 2008-2014 214
Figure 84: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, CO2 emissions (million tons), 2008-2014 217
Figure 85: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, CH4 emissions (million tons)2008-2014 218
Figure 86: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, PM10 (µg/m3), 2008-2014 219
Figure 87: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Nurses (Per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 220
Figure 88: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Pharmacists (per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 221
Figure 89: Healthcare Infrastructure, UK, Dentists (Per 1,000 Population), 2008-2014 222
Figure 90: Healthcare Expenditure, UK, Healthcare Expenditure (% of GDP), 2008-2014 224
Figure 91: Healthcare Expenditure , UK, Consumption Expenditure on Medical Goods and Services, Share (%), 2013 225
Figure 92: Healthcare Expenditure, UK, Public and Private Share of Healthcare Expenditure (%), 2008-2014 227
Figure 93: Healthcare Expenditure, UK, Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditure ($bn), 2008-2014 228
Figure 94: Healthcare Market, UK, Opportunities and Challenges, 2015 234

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